Design and Analysis of an Optimized Dual-Band Yagi-Uda Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications in 5G Networks: A Comprehensive Study with Performance Verification and Manufacturability

Abstract

Fifth-generation (5G) networks at 28 GHz frequency require high-gain and high-efficiency antennas to achieve the required coverage in millimeter-wave applications. This study presents an optimized design for a dual-band Yagi-Uda antenna using an advanced analytical methodology based on specialized mathematical equations and precise simulation using MATLAB. The proposed design achieves a gain of 14.9 dBi at 28 GHz frequency with a radiation efficiency of 92.3% and a relative bandwidth of 7.5% (27.2-29.3 GHz). The antenna features excellent isolation between bands exceeding 24.3 dB and a front-to-back ratio greater than 20 dB. Benchmark comparison with recent research works showed superiority of 13.7% in gain and 44% in bandwidth. A comprehensive analysis of manufacturing tolerance (±0.05 mm) was conducted using Monte Carlo simulation, confirming the design's commercial manufacturability. The results support the antenna's applicability in base stations and mobile devices for 5G networks while ensuring compatibility with conventional systems.

Index Terms—Yagi-Uda antenna, Fifth Generation (5G), millimeter wave, 28 GHz, dual-band, engineering optimization.