Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radiation Reduction (Signal Noise) Defining Standards and Mitigation Strategies for Modern Power Electronic Systems

Abstract

There are an increasing number of modern power electronic systems installed in electric vehicles, renewable-energy converters, wireless charging system, microgrids, industrial automation and high-density embedded power supplies. Thirdly, high-frequency switching can improve power density and efficiency; however, it would generate conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI), which is possibly to distort control signals, disturbing communication links, threatening EMC requirements [1]–[4], as well as enhancing human weakness to the electromagnetic field. In this paper, we propose an academic methodology of electromagnetic compatibility and radiation reduction for new power electronic systems by the unification of EMI source modeling, standards mapping, mitigation techniques and evaluation indicators as a design process. We also summarize key EMI generation mechanisms, such as switching transients, coupling through parasitic capacitances, common-mode currents in electrical networks and radiation from cables and resonant structures. It additionally correlates applicable EMC standards such as CISPR 11/25, IEC 61000 series, FCC Part 15 and ICNIRP exposure limits to quantifiable design constraints. The proposed framework synergistically combines passive and active mitigation strategies including EMI filtering, shielding, grounding, layout optimization, snubber circuits among the major factors (soft-switching), random and spread spectrum PWM as well as model predictive control etc., light weight shields. Conducted-emission measurement with a Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN), near-field electric and magnetic probes, frequency-domain analysis and standards-compliance assessment are also proposed as validation methodologies [6]. The paper ends at the conclusion that EMC should be a design objective in early stages rather than a post-design implementation. This standards-approach will allow next-generation power electronic systems to achieve reduced redesign cost, increased reliability, and ultimately easier regulatory compliance.